[174], The FN has changed considerably since its foundation, as it has pursued the principles of modernisation and pragmatism, adapting to the changing political climate. She sees no other solution for peace in Ukraine than to organise a kind of federation that would allow each region to have a large degree of autonomy. In France, parties have to secure support from a specific number of elected officials, from a specific number of departments, in order to be eligible to run for election. "Depuis 2011, le FN est devenu "protectionniste au sens large, "French far-right leader seeks to reintroduce death penalty after Charlie Hebdo attack", "Immigration | Stopper l'immigration, renforcer l'identité française", "Exclusion, Community, and a Populist Political Economy: The Radical Right as an Anti-Globalization Movement", "The French secular hypocrisy: the extreme right, the Republic and the battle for hegemony", "Victory for France's conservatives in local elections", "New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy", "France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender", "E.U. [121][191][192], Under her leadership, Marine Le Pen has been more clear in her support for protectionism, while she has criticised globalism and capitalism for certain industries. [226], An undercover investigation by Al Jazeera uncovered links between high-ranking National Rally figures and Generation Identity, a far-right group. Or left? and in 1987 referred to the Nazi gas chambers as "a point of detail of the history of the Second World War". [124], Mégret and his faction left the FN in January 1999 and founded the National Republican Movement (MNR), effectively splitting the FN in half at most levels. [87], For the 1986 legislative elections the FN took advantage of a new proportional representation system that had been imposed by Mitterrand in order to moderate a foreseeable defeat for his PS. "[197] It also proposed breaking all institutional ties back to the Treaty of Rome, while it returned to supporting a common European currency to rival the United States dollar. [56] Many of its major issues, such as anti-communism, were shared by most of the mainstream right. What does France's National Front stand for? In 2007, it was part of the short-lived Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty group. 31 March 2014", "The French Right Scores a Historic Victory", "Far-Right Front National makes historic gains in French municipal elections", "France's National Front Scores Historic Win in European Election", "French Municipal Elections: Far-Right National Front Scores Impressive Gains, But Hopes For Real Political Power Remain A Fantasy", "Far-right National Front stuns French elite with EU 'earthquake, "The National Front's victory: France in shock", "France Shaken by National Front 'Earthquake, "Why Macron Won: Luck, Skill and France's Dark History", Les Patriotes: How Le Pen’s ex-protégé hopes to win over French far right, "Marine Le Pen propose de rebaptiser le FN "Rassemblement national, "Marine Le Pen sparks row over new name for Front National", "Steve Bannon tells French far-right 'history is on our side'", "Steve Bannon told a French far-right party to wear the 'racist' label 'as a badge of honor'", https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/ex-sarkozy-minister-jumps-conservative-ship-to-join-french-far-right-11103410, "From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right", "Marine Le Pen's plan to make France great again", "Projet de lutte contre la prostitution : la morale féministe dépourvue d'efficacité", "Marine Le Pen planning Italy trip to condemn North African refugees", 'Immigration: Le FN précise ses objectifs chiffrés (et ça change beaucoup)' ('FN defines more precisely its numerical immigration objectives (and that makes a great difference))', "Marine Le Pen's Anti-Islam Message Gains Influence in France", "Marine Le Pen, France's (Kinder, Gentler) Extremist", "France's National Rally links to violent far-right group revealed", "The European far right: actually right? A Nantes, Saint-Nazaire, La Baule-Escoublac, comme dans d’autres communes, le Rassemblement national présentera des listes. [186] In 2011, Marine Le Pen warned that wearing full face veils are "the tip of the iceberg" of Islamisation of French culture. [106] By the early 1990s, some mainstream politicians began employing anti-immigration rhetoric. For other uses, see, Presidential and parliamentary election, rebranding (2017–present), View on Nazi history and relations with Jewish groups. RFI English, Marine Le Pen's Protectionist Economics and Social Conservatism, Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom, Fédération d'action nationale et européenne, Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Rally&oldid=1001295817, Member parties of the Identity and Democracy Party, Articles with French-language sources (fr), CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Marine took over as the president of the party in 2011 and contested the, This page was last edited on 19 January 2021, at 02:13. [125] Support for the parties was almost equal in the 1999 European election, as the FN polled its lowest national score since 1984 with just 5.7%, and the MNR won 3.3%. [172], The party's ideology has been broadly described by scholars, including James Shields, Nonna Mayer, Jean-Yves Camus, Nicolas Lebourg and Michel Winock as nationalist, far-right (or Nouvelle droite) and populist. Since 2013, that yearly net immigration rate was around 140,000 if one takes into account only people born abroad from non-French parents, but was around 33,000 if one includes also the departures and returns of French expatriates. The FN has been part of several groups in the European Parliament. Rassemblement National (RN, deutsch Nationale Sammlungsbewegung; bis Juni 2018: Front National, FN, deutsch Nationale Front) ist eine am rechten Rand des politischen Spektrums angesiedelte Partei in Frankreich; sie bedient sich einer rechtspopulistischen Stilistik und rechtsextremer Argumentationen. During the following parliamentary elections, the FN received 13.02% of the vote, which represented a disappointment compared to the 13.07% of the 2012 elections. "[58] Despite being the only nationalist candidate, he failed to gain the support of a united far-right, as the various groups either rallied behind other candidates or called for voter abstention. [62][63] Following the death of Duprat in a bomb attack in 1978, the revolutionary nationalists left the party, while Stirbois became Le Pen's deputy as his solidarists effectively ousted the neo-fascist tendency in the party leadership. Les élections municipales de 2020 sont la prochaine grande échéance qui attend les Français. Bannon's remarks brought the members to their feet. )[112] Le Pen then declared that his party would implement its "national preference" policy, with the risk of provoking the central government and being at odds with the laws of the Republic. "[208] According to the French media, party leaders had frequent contact with Russian ambassador Alexander Orlov and Marine Le Pen made multiple trips to Moscow. [187][191], In the 2002 legislative elections, the first under the new gender parity provision in the French Constitution, Le Pen's National Front was among the few parties to come close to meeting the law, with 49% female candidates; Jospin's Socialists had 36%, and Chirac's UMP had 19.6%. In secretly taped conversations, National Rally leaders endorsed goals of Generation Identity and discussed plans to "remigrate" immigrants, effectively sending them back to their countries of origin, if National Rally came to power. [120] The FN was arguably more influential now than it had been in 1986 with its 35 seats. [249], In March 2018, the position of vice-president replaced that of General Secretary. [202], Marine Le Pen described Russian President Vladimir Putin as a "defender of the Christian heritage of European civilisation. Since 2010, the party's support seems to have increased towards its former heights. [204] Marine Le Pen is very critical against the threats of sanctions directed by the international community against Russia: "European countries should seek a solution through diplomacy rather than making threats that could lead to an escalation." [131] To Le Pen's advantage, the election campaign had increasingly focused on law and order issues, helped by media attention on a number of violent incidents. Un mouvement national va être créé d'ici quelques jours, sous le nom de « Rassemblement national ». The significant Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) refused to join the efforts, as Jörg Haider sought to distance himself from Le Pen, and later attempted to build a separate group. [232], At a conference in 2011, the two new leaders of the FN and the FPÖ, Marine Le Pen and Heinz-Christian Strache, announced deeper cooperation between their parties. [183], In recent years the party still opposes immigration, particularly Muslim immigration from Africa and the Middle East. Marine Le Pen has successfully introduced a neo-populist shift in the defense of women, gays, and Jews against a "phallocratic, homophobic, and anti-Semitic Islam". Abridged list of reliable sources that refer to National Rally as far-right: [103], In the wake of FN electoral success, the immigration debate, growing concerns over Islamic fundamentalism, and the fatwa against Salman Rushdie by Ayatollah Khomeini, the 1989 affaire du foulard was the first major test of the relations between the values of the French Republic and Islam. [30][31], At the party congress on 11 March 2018, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party to Rassemblement national (National Rally),[32] and on 1 June 2018, the renaming of the party was confirmed, following an 80.81% approval ballot of party members. [143] In the 2010 regional elections the FN appeared to have re-emerged on the political scene after surprisingly winning almost 12% of the overall vote and 118 seats. [206], Luke Harding wrote in The Guardian that the National Front's MEPs were a "pro-Russian bloc. His presidential campaign in 1965 was managed by Jean-Marie Le Pen. mi.)" For the 2012 presidential election, opinion polls showed Marine Le Pen as a serious challenger, with a few polls even suggesting that she could win the first round of the election. After all, the National Front has always been Zionistic and always defended Israel's right to exist". While some of these cities were in southern France (like Fréjus) which traditionally votes more for right-wing parties than the rest of the country, others were located in northern France, where Socialist Party was strong until 2010s. [69], For the 1981 presidential election, both Le Pen and Pascal Gauchon of the PFN declared their intentions to run. [142] Twenty permanent employees of the FN were also dismissed in 2008. . [161][162], On 24 April 2017, a day after the first round of the presidential election, Marine Le Pen announced that she would temporarily step down as the party's leader in an attempt to unite voters. de formations pol.] [64] A radical group split off in 1980 and founded the French Nationalist Party, dismissing the FN as becoming too Zionist and Le Pen as the "puppet" of the Jews. [234] The EAF is a pan-European sovereigntist platform founded late 2010 that is recognised by the European Parliament. Aux côtés de ceux qui se battent depuis plusieurs années, nous devons faire émerger et former une nouvelle génération de cadres et d’élus au service de la France. Its political views are nationalist and anti-globalist. The National Front denounces anti-Russian feelings in Eastern Europe and the submission of Western Europe to NATO's interests in the region. [97], The FN was hurt in the snap 1988 legislative elections by the return two-ballot majority voting, by the limited campaign period, and by the departure of many notables. [131] In its 2001 programme, the party linked the breakdown of law and order to immigration, deeming immigration a "mortal threat to civil peace in France. [83] The FN made inroads in both right-wing and left-wing constituencies, and finished second in a number of towns. [65] The far right was marginalised altogether in the 1978 legislative elections, although the PFN was better off. [244], In 2019, RN MEPs participated in the first international delegation to visit India's Jammu and Kashmir following the decision by Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party government to revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. [101] In November 1988, general secretary Jean-Pierre Stirbois, who, together with his wife Marie-France, had been instrumental in the FN's early electoral successes, died in a car accident, leaving Bruno Mégret as the unrivalled de facto FN deputy leader. She has opposed the emigration of French Jews to Israel in response to radical Islam, explaining: "The Jews of France are Frenchmen, they're at home here, and they must stay here and not emigrate. [77] After some exchanges of letters, Mitterrand instructed the heads of the main television channels to give equitable coverage to the FN.